Special power structure, coupled with industry, public consumption increased rapidly, Hunan suffered the largest ever power shortage
Hunan Electricity Shortage of water behind the suffering of coal
2005 New Year's season, with many people in Changde, Hunan, like, 13-year-old Xu Bing and his family enjoyed three days in the light only after over again from the darkness of life.
January 4, 2005 evening, Changde City, returned to power cuts, Xu Bing lived in dark an entire block. Rely on electric oven for heating homes can not stop the cold of the South, Xu Bing can only hold hands and legs into the group, in the cold wet blanket of sleep.
According to Xu Bing, a description, from entering since December 2004, with the exception of large industrial enterprises in Changde Cigarette Factory, Changde Tobacco Machinery substandard, basically every day, rolling blackouts, power cuts time from half an hour to half a day, the local a university faculty or prohibited under the documents, the students use of electricity to warm. Changde Hua Du Hotel lobby manager told reporters that the hotel had occurred because of power outages caused by customer stuck in the elevator accidents, customer complaints and refused to pay for things occur.
Such limitations in Hunan Province has spread to the whole.
Reporter saw Yiyang City, Yiyang Power Plant farm families are in a blackout around the state. Yiyang ya hotel is a luxury hotel, in order to not be troubled by frequent blackouts, the boss took a bite altogether more than 20 million of imports from Sweden had a generator. In the more remote mountain areas, sometimes to have half a month without electricity, local farmers are now accustomed to shaking his head, said the days of no electricity.
The number of small and medium enterprises in Hunan, this all can not be "used" the. Changde an aluminum and stainless steel doors and windows to do the business told reporters that due to frequent power outages cause they can not deliver goods on time, customers have this as a reason to delay payment or require very demanding discounts, sometimes the losses of one million transactions, other not counting their losses on the credit. And in 1958 had never ceased since the aluminum plant to power in 2003 in Changsha, in 2004 also did not escape this problem of electricity shortage. "Electrolytic aluminum production is not power failure, stop a call, direct loss is 300 million." An employee told reporters that the losses caused by frequent power failures simply can not now estimate.
This is only the investigation in Hunan's see when part of the problem of electricity shortage. Hunan Provincial Economic and Trade Commission, according to latest statistics show that from December 19, 2004 to 23 in Hunan Power of wind up its 9652 meeting, limited to about 210 million kwh electricity. 23, the Hunan Electric Power limit more than 40 million kwh. Hunan Provincial Economic and Trade Commission main Renlin Wu pointed out that the degree of power shortages in Hunan Province was "the worst in recent years", has affected normal life in urban and rural residents. At present, the Hunan power grid electrical supply capacity is only 115 million kwh, electricity gap up from 4000 to 50,000,000 kwh, power shortage of over 30%, became the most serious electricity shortage in the province. The power cuts caused by direct or indirect economic losses reached 6 billion yuan.
Surge in electricity consumption
Changsha Institute of Technology, according to Dean of Engineering, Energy and Power, said Li Lu-ping, the last two years the popularity of urban air-conditioning and heater very quickly, many ordinary families the basic non-winter coal warming himself, and the use of electricity this clean energy, so that both winter and summer quarter, demand for electricity increased sharply. In addition, the early years of the power sector will also invest heavily on the transformation of power, especially the transformation of the rural power grid, enhancing the network's transmission capacity, lower electricity prices farmers, implementation of "Tongwangtongjia" also from the objective to encourage the consumption of electricity.
Meanwhile, rapid industrial growth in recent years in Hunan, according to statistics, in 2003 GDP reached 463.4 billion yuan in Hunan Province, the growth rate of 9.6%, of which all industrial added value increased 12.6%. Break 550 000 000 000 2004 GDP growth rate will reach 12%, close to 120 billion yuan of industrial added value throughout the year, compared to 2003 growth to 24.1%. In particular, some high energy consuming industries, such as non-ferrous metal smelting, cement, fertilizer-based industries are the backbone of Hunan Province, where many manufacturers is the local taxpayer.
Moreover, in addition to good manufacturing Hunan base, much lower than PRD water, electricity, land and other operating costs are also attracted to the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta business. According to statistics, in 1998, -2,003, Guangdong and Hunan, the implementation of cooperation projects were signed 2673, the actual funds 22.667 billion yuan, accounting for the total domestic investment in Hunan 1 / 3. 2003 Hunan as "9 +2" Pan-Pearl River Delta members of regional economic cooperation body, in April the economic and trade delegation visited Hunan, Guangdong Province, the 98 contracted projects reached a total contract amount of 35.834 billion yuan. Among them, the Guangdong side was 24.166 billion yuan investment, over the past five years, total investment in Guangdong, Hunan Province. But, with the Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta's industrial transfer, some energy-intensive enterprises came from Hunan, and local governments to increase tax revenue, the power companies for electricity demand in order to get a large and stable large customers are also very welcome enterprises to invest in Hunan. City electric power, according to Yong, a manager said there are 5,6 local family transferred from Guangdong small steel smelter, power shortages, the frequent burning of the incident power facilities.
A few years ago, a relative surplus of electricity, the power sector and even launched a big client, "power package", will be on a lot of money put into power grids. Government encourages use of electricity, and restrict the development of power plants, resulting in stagnation of electricity investment. The power shortage now appears, because of the power invested in building a certain cyclical, it is difficult to keep up with demand quickly.
Thin supply
Objectively speaking, the total power generation are not low in Hunan, but the big difference between peak and valley power demand, up to 60% in 2004, the value of winter and summer peak demand reached 800 million kilowatts, while the spring and autumn peak and valley values only more than 300 million kilowatts. The difference between peak and valley as much electricity, but with the power demand peak and valley values are misplaced. Winter is the cross point, is the intensification of conflict points.
First, the composition of very special Hunan Power Grid, now the province a total of 14.05 million kilowatts generating capacity, of which 7.3 million kilowatts hydropower, thermal power 6.75 million kilowatts, while the national rate of thermal power can account for more than 75%. The large amount of hydroelectric reserves, but highly seasonal, basically from April to October before the water flow is great, in the wet season, to ensure dam safety, flood discharge gate even still.
Other rivers in Hunan Province are not very long, the whole subject to the same climate impact of regional precipitation, the winter dry season, there will even stop the Xiang River. Yuan River, the water resources will not stop though, but the flow has also been greatly reduced, simply can not meet the power requirements. "This little bit of water, thermal power plant accident, within two or three minutes I have to immediately go to the top. There to ensure the residents of the Spring Festival peak and in March the" two sessions "during the safe use of electricity, we had to set aside a large part of the water. and to March 2005, not a lot of upstream inflow of hope, "Xu Wuqiangxi director of the face not far from the dead water level of 3,4 m water level sigh said.
In addition, insufficient production of coal resources in Hunan Province, and poor coal quality, the fire power plants have to rely on the basic coal from the North West province "imported" coal. Emerging coal mine accident in 2004, a coal mine accident, resulting in the surrounding coal mines have to suspend production for rectification small. Henan coal mine accidents last year, for example, after the coal from Henan to a significant reduction.
The railway transportation capacity has exacerbated the problem of electricity shortage, coal mainly from the north into Hunan, Beijing-Guangzhou line, as well as part of the willow branches from Northwestern brought into line. Rail boss of the wagon indicators have been very tight, but according to some people in the said some department heads for the railway rolling stock for the gray expenditure is frighteningly high. Economic Commission of Hunan Province Electric Power Department statistics show that the province in late December 8, the total coal storage in fire power plant only 11 million tons of coal each day, large main power plant is about 10,000 tons of coal in storage is about the volume of coal stocks to decline further, "may have been less than two days of coal." TBS said the Director of Electric Power.
As the coal shortage, Hunan Leiyang Power Plant Unit 2 sets of 200 thousand kilowatts, Zhuzhou plant a 30-million KW, 1 125 thousand kilowatts unit, 10 units across the province have to first shut down, thus affecting the power generation capacity of 103.5 million kilowatts. In addition, Jiang Lei, Xiangtan, and other power plants shut down due to coal shortage have requested.
Also, because coal companies has long been another "top cow" phenomenon, market-oriented coal price is too high and relatively low price of national plans, leading to the coal companies are unwilling to sell the coal power plant. Even, according to industry sources, some coal companies to a large number of stone mixed with the coal sold to power plant, which can not be burned black stones not only heat, but also because the former combustion of coal into the furnace, the coal power plant to grind than Flour is also a small fine particles, and then be blown into the combustion furnace blower, wear and tear on equipment is very large. Combined with power generation equipment running at full capacity a long time, so very serious security risk. By the end of 2004, the most intense time of the power, Yiyang Power Plant is a generating set to stop power generation because of equipment failure led to up to 6 days.
Solution
Li Lu-ping said that electricity is a secondary energy, power shortage is in fact at this stage a large-scale energy security in the country broke out. We are now a net importer of energy, if once encountered severe natural disasters or war, we may have been devastating.
Hunan Provincial Development and Reform Commission Director Chen told reporters that in 2010, Hunan Province, the whole society will reach 98 billion kwh electricity consumption, the maximum load of 19 million kilowatts. Projected to 2006, seasonal power shortages in Hunan Province contradiction to the basic relief.
It is understood that the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, the province plans to invest 35 billion yuan, put into power 9.1 million kilowatts, of which 3.1 million kilowatts hydropower, thermal power 6 million kilowatts. By 2010, the province's power installed capacity will reach 23.1 million kilowatts, hydro-thermal ratio of 44:54. Through these projects will help to radically change the electricity supply in Hunan passive situation.
In the face of the power projects have been started around the phenomenon, Professor Li said investment in Hunan Province in power can not engage in "Great Leap Forward", should focus on inputs and outputs. After all, the power shortages in Hunan has a strong seasonal, in April next year, when rain came, warm climate, and air conditioning have also stopped, there will be power surplus. Thermal power and hydropower should be an appropriate ratio between, should be based on thermal power, size, capacity, in the 5:2 ratio should be about, Hunan annual electricity growth should be 1.8 million -200 million kilowatts.
Turning to the current electricity reform, Changsha University of Management Professor Liu Siqiang that now and become difficult. First, it is too a single asset, although the separation of the major power plants, but we still are state-owned assets, results of operations managers with incentives and penalties is not linked to the absence of real competition in the state. Management too single, several power companies, in addition to Huaneng Power, the Power Authority of the original are basically those who have not any substantive way of thinking changes, "essentially is the original of the power the Secretary General is now called the power company manager. "
Technological Development of Enterprise said the electricity reform, including the three links, one for power generation, is now open, the former state-owned power plants in all the separate independent
Li, private investment into this area there are many, but not a big share of; second transmission network; third power supply, power supply is a service, including electricity charges and line maintenance customers, are retail link. Transmission and power supply are now the same department, is the power company. Objectives of the reform is "open at both ends, grasp the middle" is that the state should control the entire network to ensure network safety and reliability.
The next step is to reform the power supply companies bidding. For example, one of which made the electric power voltage, frequency stability, security and reliability of high power facilities, the price is relatively low, power companies will of course give priority to purchasing. But now not really implemented, because our country's electricity is still at one kind of Buzu issue and is now even government take effective measures to Minglingfadian, Biru this Shijian government Doushipaichu work teams to Gegedianchang, thus resolving the Some of the plants in human-induced difficulty and power generation. This situation is simply not on electricity prices, quality issues, as long as the power plant can send electricity on it. Reunification of the country the power to set prices also led to the lack of competition.
In the use of nuclear power plants in Hunan province on this issue has been discussed more than ten years. Lee said Hunan to actively consider the use of nuclear power, nuclear Hunan mining is relatively well developed, and will avoid a lot of distance such as coal transport. In investment, the Government can try to attract foreign investment. I know that the largest hydropower development enterprises in Hunan Province - 5 Ling power company is actively preparing to invest in nuclear power.
State support for the construction of power station coal pit, Professor Lee said that there are some specific difficulties, first of all very irrational distribution of coal resources in China, mainly in northern Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Henan, but the industrial use of electricity in these areas are not large, which There is a long-distance transmission loss particularly big problem, but also by the transmission line capacity constraints; Furthermore, we need to rebuild the transmission grid, the cost is very high. Another network security, power plants suitable layout, if the station is too concentrated, then the whole network in a state of insecurity, if problems, the whole network may collapse. This is why many were also built around the Three Gorges power plant auxiliary reason is to protect the power generation of Three Gorges power station, once stopped, you can immediately power to remedy network equipment, or a lot of expensive power facilities will be destroyed, causing significant losses. The reality is also the local coal mine in Hunan are very small, no one could support a coal fire power plant coal demand. The effect of some of the recent new business investment in new energy power, such as use of wind and biogas Fadian, Professor Lee said Suiran from the environmental point to be encouraged, but cost up to consider, or much higher than traditional hydro and thermal power, pending further improve technology, lower prices.
Professor Liu Siqiang said that now is a desire for rapid expansion of the community, it also weakened the concept of energy conservation, and city lighting engineering, air-conditioned hotel entertainment hot Hong Hong, the classroom has long light of the phenomenon is very common and normal. In fact, energy savings can make up 1 / 3 of the power gap.
In addition, power plants, especially hydropower plant is the 24-hour electricity, but can not save, and electricity companies are mostly working during the day, night rest, it increased the difference between peak and trough. Power companies are now doing some electrical distribution efforts, which increase in peak electricity prices, low price of electricity during the lower, widening the price difference, to guide power-hungry enterprises to work at night, rest during the day to power. Even encouraged to do business in the annual production plan also considers the problem of electricity supply, wet spring and summer season as much as possible to increase the production capacity, reduce production of winter. Yongzhou red Machinery Factory is the use of this program, the cost savings of more than 30 million a year.
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